Which mosquito disease can cause inflammation of the brain?

West Nile virus is known to cause inflammation of the brain, particularly in more severe cases. This condition is referred to as viral encephalitis. When a person becomes infected with the West Nile virus, the virus can affect the central nervous system, leading to serious complications including inflammation of the brain.

While other diseases like Dengue fever, Malaria, and Yellow fever have their own set of symptoms and health risks, they do not primarily cause encephalitis. Dengue fever may lead to severe cases of hemorrhagic fever, Malaria involves high fevers and flu-like symptoms due to the effects on red blood cells, and Yellow fever can lead to liver damage but is not characterized by inflammation of the brain. Thus, the distinct association of West Nile virus with central nervous system complications makes it the correct answer in this context.