Which form (caste) of termite is directly responsible for damaging wood?

The form of termite that is directly responsible for damaging wood is the worker caste. Workers are the primary foragers and are tasked with seeking out wood and other cellulose materials, which they consume. They have strong mandibles that enable them to chew through wood and construct tunnels. This activity is central to a termite colony's survival, as it provides food and helps in the construction and maintenance of their nest.

In contrast, the soldier caste is primarily responsible for defending the colony, and they lack the ability to feed themselves, relying on workers for nourishment. Reproductives, including the king and queen, are primarily responsible for reproduction and do not engage in foraging or wood consumption. Likewise, the queen’s primary function is to lay eggs, and she does not participate in the foraging or damage of wood either.

Understanding the roles of each caste helps clarify why workers are the key players in wood degradation in a termite colony.