Cellulose digestion by subterranean and drywood termites is dependent upon which microorganisms?

Cellulose digestion in termites is heavily reliant on the presence of protozoa within their gut. These microorganisms play a crucial role in breaking down cellulose, a complex carbohydrate that is the primary component of wood and plant material. Termites consume wood as their primary food source, and the cellulose itself is not easily digestible.

The protozoa in the digestive system of termites possess enzymes that can efficiently break down cellulose into simpler sugars that can then be absorbed and utilized by the termite for energy. This symbiotic relationship is essential for the termite's survival, as it enables them to access the nutrients locked within tough plant materials.

While other microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi may also play a role in the breakdown of organic matter within the termite's environment, the specific process of cellulose digestion is predominantly facilitated by the protozoa. This unique aspect of their digestive process sets termites apart from many other organisms, underscoring the importance of protozoa in their diet and digestion.